OVERVIEW
This issue contains a review on coronary bypass surgery with severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, a review on the effects of diabetes in the development of an arteriovenous fistula, a case report on the brachial artery aneurysm repair assessment with duplex ultrasound, and a case report on Eagle Syndrome and its role in diagnostic ultrasound.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading and studying the papers used for CME in the December 2024 Issue of the Journal for Vascular Ultrasound, participants will be able to:

1. State a neurological symptom lasting greater than 24 hours.
2. Explain why preoperative evaluation of the carotid arteries with duplex ultrasound is essential in cases of planned coronary artery bypass grafting.
3. State the diagnostic criteria used for severe coronary artery disease defined as >50% stenosis for symptomatic coronary artery disease and >80% stenosis for asymptomatic coronary artery disease.
4. List early complications following arteriovenous fistula surgery.
5. State the most common location of an arteriovenous fistula placement.
6. Explain why patients with and without diabetes were excluded from the study.
7. Describe the waveform characteristic of a normal brachial artery.
8. Explain the pathophysiology of an arterial aneurysm.
9. Explain the importance of perioperative imaging before brachial artery aneurysm repair.
10. State the abnormal length of the styloid process.
11. Describe the location of the styloid process.
12. State the diagnostic modality used to diagnose a styloid process.
13. State the recommended treatment option involving the styloid process.
14. Define Eagle Syndrome.


TARGET AUDIENCE
Physician, Vascular Technologist and Sonographer members of SVU should find participating in this educational activity valuable.

ACCREDITATION STATEMENT
This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of Penn State College of Medicine and the Society for Vascular Ultrasound. Penn State College of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Penn State College of Medicine designates this Enduring Material activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ per article. Physicians should claim only the credits commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

• Effects of Diabetes on the Development of Arteriovenous Fistula during the First 6 Weeks
• Severe Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Treatment During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Penn State College of Medicine designates this Enduring Material activity for a maximum of .5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit ™ per article. Physicians should claim only the credits commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

• EAGLE Syndrome: Case Report, Literature Review, Proposed Classification and Role of Ultrasound in its Diagnosis and Management
• Arterial Duplex Assessment of Brachial Artery Aneurysm Repaired with Resection and Reverse Saphenous Vein Graft Bypass


CREDIT AVAILABILITY
Activity release date: December 1, 2024
Expiration date: November 30, 2027

METHOD OF PARTICIPATION
This Enduring Material activity is available online at www.svu.org. To receive credit, participants must read the CME articles, including the learning objectives and disclosure statements, as well as the full content of each of these articles, and then complete the post test and evaluation form. Upon successful completion of the post test (80% correct) and evaluation form, a CME certificate of participation will be awarded automatically. The certificate may be printed directly from the website.

DISCLOSURE
Penn State College of Medicine is committed to offering CME activities that promote improvements or quality in health care and are developed free of the control of ineligible companies (formerly known as a commercial interests). Reasonable efforts have been taken to ensure that our activities are balanced, independent, objective, scientific, and in compliance with regulatory requirements. All authors have disclosed all relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies, and Penn State has a process in place to mitigate any conflict of interest. Disclosure of a relationship is not intended to suggest or condone bias in an article but is made to provide participants with information that might be of potential importance to their evaluation of an article.

Devices or drugs that are still undergoing clinical trials should not be portrayed as standard, accepted therapy. Please consult full prescribing information before using any product mentioned in this activity. If using products in an investigational, off-label manner, it is the responsibility of the prescribing physician to monitor the medical literature to determine recommended dosages and uses of the drugs.

The information presented at this CME activity represents the views and opinions of the individual authors, and does not constitute the opinion or endorsement of, or promotion by, Penn State College of Medicine. Each participant must use his/her personal and professional judgment when considering further application of this information, particularly as it may relate to patient diagnostic or treatment decisions including, without limitation, FDA-approved uses and any off-label uses.


All relevant relationships have been mitigated. The following disclosures were made:

David Dawson, MD RPVI RVT FSVU -- Nothing to Disclose
Editor-in-Chief, JVU
Baylor Scott & White Medical Center
Temple, TX

Sandra Katanick, FSVU -- Nothing to Disclose
Managing Editor, JVU
Boynton Beach, FL

Sandra Yesenko, MHS DHSc RVT RDMS FSVU -- Nothing to Disclose
Associate Editor for Education, JVU
Cleveland Clinic
Westlake, OH



AUTHOR DISCLOSURE OF RELATIONSHIPS (CONFLICT OF INTEREST)

Matthew Hsin – Nothing to disclose                                            Daisuke Koiwa -- Nothing to disclose
Katsuhiko Matsuyama -- Nothing to disclose                              Shigeru Miyachi -- Nothing to disclose
Calli Nyholm, RVT RDMS – Nothing to disclose                         Devin Peterson – Nothing to disclose
Nguyen Ngoc Hoa Quynh, MD -- Nothing to disclose                 Charles Stonerock, MD -- Nothing to disclose
Kayo Sugiyama -- Nothing to disclose                                         Le Trung Duc Tai, MD – Nothing to disclose
Masato Tochil -- Nothing to disclose                                            Yolanda Vea, MD – Nothing to disclose
Anh Tuan Vo, MD -- Nothing to disclose                                      Hirotaka Watanuki -- Nothing to disclose
David Williams -- Nothing to disclose                                           Douglas Wooster, MD – Nothing to disclose
Elizabeth Wooster – Nothing to disclose


Penn State Continuing Education staff involved in the planning of this activity have no financial relationships with any ineligible companies relevant to this activity.

Speakers/Authors are required to inform the activity audience when they are discussing/describing off-label or investigational uses of devices or drugs.