Extracranial Cerebrovascular Duplex Examination-Extracranial Cerebrovascular Duplex Examination

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, Terry Case, a Professor of Ultrasound at Nova Southeastern University, discusses the anatomy and physiology of the extracranial cerebrovascular system and the common signs, symptoms, and etiology of cerebrovascular disease. He also explains the standard protocol for carotid duplex imaging.<br /><br />Case begins by discussing the prevalence and impact of stroke, which is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States. He explains that stroke is characterized by a loss of brain function due to restricted blood flow, and temporary symptoms are referred to as trans ischemic attacks (TIAs).<br /><br />He then describes the different vascular origins of strokes, including thrombosis, embolism, stenosis, and hemorrhage. Thrombosis is the formation of a clot inside a blood vessel, stenosis is the narrowing of an artery due to plaque buildup, and embolism is the obstruction of blood flow due to dislodged plaque or a blood clot.<br /><br />Case goes on to discuss the anatomy of the extracranial cerebrovascular system, focusing on the carotid artery circulation. He explains the flow patterns and velocity measurements of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the external carotid artery (ECA).<br /><br />He also discusses the development of atherosclerosis and the formation of plaques within the arteries. He explains how the presence of plaque can increase the risk of thrombosis and flow-reducing lesions that may lead to stroke.<br /><br />Case then highlights the common pitfalls encountered during an extracranial cerebrovascular examination, such as technical difficulties, anatomic variability, and interpretation errors. He emphasizes the importance of careful attention to detail and thorough examination to obtain valid and reliable results.<br /><br />Finally, Case explains the standard protocol for performing a carotid duplex examination, including patient assessment, history taking, imaging techniques, and Doppler waveforms analysis. He provides step-by-step guidance for performing the examination and emphasizes the need for validation of diagnostic criteria for each ultrasound system used.<br /><br />Overall, this video provides a comprehensive overview of the extracranial cerebrovascular system, the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease, and the standard protocol for carotid duplex imaging.

Keywords

Terry Case

Ultrasound

extracranial cerebrovascular system

cerebrovascular disease

carotid duplex imaging

stroke

thrombosis

embolism

atherosclerosis

Doppler waveforms analysis